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Interesting excerpt from an India times areticle below.

In terms of the demographic transition model, India is at the beginning of stage three (declining fertility, population growth), Brazil and China are at stage four (low mortality and fertility, population trending towards stability), while Russia is already at stage five (sub-replacement-rate fertility, declining population).

Stage one refers to a pre-industrial society wherein death and birth rates are high and roughly in balance. While, in stage two (that of a developing country), the death rates drop rapidly due to improvement in food supply and sanitation, which increase life spans and reduce diseases.

More on the article here.